Mr. Holmes is a historian at the University of California
San Diego and a writer for the
History News Service.
Karl Rove's recent "cut and run" accusations against the Bush
administration's Democratic opponents ought to be answered. What one
person sees as "cut and run" might be seen by another person as a
responsible decision; it's all in the eye of the beholder. Let's examine
some relevant recent history.
Did Dwight D. Eisenhower "cut and run" in Korea in 1953? It was Ike who
told the nation that if he were elected he would go to Korea and, by
implication, end the war. It is generally conceded that Eisenhower did the
responsible thing when he quickly completed the truce negotiations that
ended the fighting.
Would Harry Truman have been accused of "cut and run" in September 1950,
three months after the initial invasion of South Korea, had he accepted
the status quo ante bellum following the rout of the overextended North
Korean forces at the 38th parallel? Instead, Truman followed the advice of
General Douglas MacArthur and elected to "liberate" North Korea. As the
United Nations forces approached the border of the People's Republic of
China at the Yalu River, communist China entered the war and almost drove
the UN forces off the southern tip of the Korean peninsula.
Had Truman been willing to "cut and run," tens of thousands of American
lives might have been saved and North Korea might not have been condemned
to the isolation it has experienced ever since. In the end, the war
lasted for another three years. America sent 1.8 million of our own into
the fray: 54,200 were killed, 103,300 were wounded and 8,200 were listed
as missing in action. We ended up at the 38th parallel, right where we
were in September 1950 -- and where we remain today.
Did Richard Nixon "cut and run" in Vietnam? Who can forget the pictures
showing Americans being evacuated by helicopter in 1975 as we left those
Vietnamese who had depended upon us to the tender mercies of the North
Vietnamese communists? They might feel, with some justification, that
America had "cut and run."
Yet in retrospect, it appears that the responsible thing for Nixon to have
done in 1969, when he first entered the White House, would have been to
follow the example of President Eisenhower and pull the plug on the
Vietnam War. It is worth remembering that almost half the 58,000 Americans
killed in Vietnam died during Nixon's presidency.
The real mistake during what we call the Vietnam War was Lyndon Johnson's,
when he escalated the war after the bogus Tonkin Gulf Resolution. An even
greater mistake, made at the end of World War II, was to have allowed the
French to reestablish their colonial rule throughout Indochina after the
Allied forces had liberated it from Japanese occupation. It was the fall
of French colonial rule in 1954 that triggered America's disastrous
involvement in Vietnam.
Did Ronald Reagan "cut and run" in 1983 after 241 American servicemen died
in Beirut in the suicide bombing of the Marine barracks? Some would say
that it wasn't the fact that Reagan pulled the American troops out of
Lebanon that was the mistake; the real mistake was the fact that those
Americans were put into an untenable position in the first place.
Did President George Herbert Walker Bush "cut and run" after the
coalition's qualified victory in the First Gulf War in 1991? The Shiites
of southern Iraq might say so. The elder Bush not only pulled out of Iraq,
but on the way out he invited the Shiites to overthrow their repressive
dictator, Saddam Hussein. Then, when they attempted to do so, American
forces stood by and watched while Saddam's army ripped the Shiites to
shreds.
It's ironic that the elder Bush, the current president's father, would
later explain that he didn't intervene because he didn't want the U.S. to
become bogged down in an Iraqi civil war. He didn't have to. American air
power, deployed outside of Iraq, could have destroyed Saddam's army, just
as American planes, deployed outside of Iraq, recently killed the
insurgent leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.